quantum detection limit

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• Detection limit — In analytical chemistry, the detection limit, lower limit of detection, or LOD (limit of detection), is the lowest quantity of a substance that can be distinguished from the absence of that substance (a blank value) within a stated confidence… …   Wikipedia

• Quantum amplifier — In physics, the term quantum amplifier may refer to any device, which use some non classical (quantum) effects for amplification of signal. In this sense, the active element of an optical laser can be considered as quantum amplifier.The weak… …   Wikipedia

• Quantum field theory — In quantum field theory (QFT) the forces between particles are mediated by other particles. For instance, the electromagnetic force between two electrons is caused by an exchange of photons. But quantum field theory applies to all fundamental… …   Wikipedia

• Optical heterodyne detection — is an important special case of heterodyne detection. In heterodyne detection, a signal of interest at some frequency is non linearly mixed with a reference local oscillator (LO) that is set at a close by frequency. The desired outcome is the… …   Wikipedia

• Spin quantum number — In atomic physics, the spin quantum number is a quantum number that parameterizes the intrinsic angular momentum (or spin angular momentum, or simply spin) of a given particle. The spin quantum number is the fourth of a set of quantum numbers… …   Wikipedia

• Chemical biology — is a scientific discipline spanning the fields of chemistry and biology that involves the application of chemical techniques and tools, often compounds produced through synthetic chemistry, to the study and manipulation of biological systems.… …   Wikipedia

• Electron paramagnetic resonance — (EPR) or electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy is a technique for studying chemical species that have one or more unpaired electrons, such as organic and inorganic free radicals or inorganic complexes possessing a transition metal ion. The… …   Wikipedia

• Measurement — For bust/waist/hip measurement, see BWH. A typical tape measure with both metric and US units and two US pennies for comparison Measurement is the process or the result of determining the ratio of a physical quantity, such as a length, time,… …   Wikipedia

• Observational astronomy — Mayall telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory Observational astronomy is a division of the astronomical science that is concerned with getting data, in contrast with theoretical astrophysics which is mainly concerned with finding out the… …   Wikipedia

• Cryogenic particle detectors — operate at very low temperature, typically only a few degrees above absolute zero. These sensors interact with an energetic elementary particle (such as a photon) and deliver a signal which can be related to the type of particle and the nature of …   Wikipedia

• Chemiluminescence — A chemoluminescent reaction carried out in an erlenmeyer flask producing a large amount of light. Chemiluminescence (sometimes chemoluminescence ) is the emission of light with limited emission of heat (luminescence), as the result of a chemical… …   Wikipedia